what is 2d and 3d drawing
TWO-DIMENSIONAL (2d) DRAWINGS
The abbreviation for two-dimensional drawing is 2-D, and information technology describes a view having but width and height, width and length, or height and length dimensions. Two-dimensional drawings are the established design and drafting format and are mutual in all engineering science and architectural industries and related disciplines.
The figure shows a cartoon with two two-D views representing the geometry of an aircraft function. The two views together provide width, pinnacle, and length dimensions. Views appear in flat form and are normally rotated 90 degree from each other. A complete ii-D drawing typically includes dimensions, notes, and text that describes view features and details.
2-dimensional drawings are the conventional and frequently required method of communicating a projection. An effective 2-D drawing accurately describes design intent and product requirements, including the size, shape, and characteristics of all features, and materials, finishes, and manufacturing or construction methods. A ii-D cartoon as well typically documents boosted project information, such as the individuals and companies involved with the projection, relevant dates, approvals, and blueprint revision history. Two-dimensional drawings can also provide computer numerical control (CNC) machine code. Yet, compared to 3-D surface and solid models, ii-D describe-ings offer fewer options for presenting and visualizing ideas and limited ability to clarify and test product design. In add-on, 2-D drawings can sometimes exist diffi cult to understand, specially if the reader is unfamiliar with interpreting ii-D drawings.
THREE-DIMENSIONAL (3D) DRAWINGS
The abbreviation for three-dimensional is 3-D, and information technology describes an object having a width, height, and depth dimensions. A wire-frame model is the near basic three-D CAD model, and it contains just information about object edges and vertices. The discussion vertices are plural for vertex, which is the point where edges intersect. The term wireframe describes the appearance of the model as if constructed from wires.
Iii-dimensional surface and solid modeling accept replaced wireframe modeling in the CAD industry. Wireframe models accept limited use as models because they lack surfaces and mass. Without surfaces, wireframe models are difficult to visualize, create uncertainty about design intent, practise not provide a true representation of a product, and lack book. Some software offers the ability to hibernate or change the format of the lines that autumn behind object features to better visualization and as a way to create a 3-D representation, or pictorial, view for a ii-D cartoon. Notwithstanding, the display can still crusade confusion, especially when viewing complex objects. Without volume or mass, wireframe models offer limited ability to clarify and exam products.
A wireframe model does offering pocket-sized file size and fast display regeneration because of the file just store border and vertex data. Wireframe models can also serve as a basis for constructing iii-D surface and solid models, and they can provide the geometry for two-D drawings. By rotating and repurposing a wireframe model, information technology is possible to produce the 2-D views shown in Figure. Wireframe models can as well provide iii-D CNC machine code.
3-DIMENSIONAL (3D) SURFACE MODELS
A surface model contains information about object edges, vertices, and surfaces (see Figure). A surface is an outer boundary of an object that connects to edges and vertices. Surfaces tin display color, shading, reflection, and texture that significantly improves visualization. Surfaces reduce uncertainty nearly design intent and provide a true representation of a product. Surface modeling also offers the ability to create complex curves and forms. The figure shows an example of a surface model with photorealistic surfaces and complex forms.
Three-dimensional surface modeling is common in the CAD industry, especially for industrial and conceptual design and to construct certain shapes. A surface model has zero thickness, lacks mass, and may non enclose a volume. Surface models let for bones calculations such every bit area and volume, but without mass, they offer limited ability to analyze and test physical and inertial backdrop. As a issue, the most common users of surface models are designers who are primarily concerned with the external shape and appearance of a product. Boat and ship hull pattern is a common application for surface modeling. An motorcar body panel is another example of a product that requires authentic surfaces. Animations, video games, virtual reality programs, and programs with similar requirements oftentimes employ surface models because of the ability to form complex surfaces, especially when solids are unnecessary and file size is by and large smaller than solid model files.
Surface models can serve every bit a footing for constructing 3-D solid models, and they tin can provide the geometry for 2-D drawings. Past rotating and repurposing a surface model, it is possible to produce the 2-D views and display realistic surfaces on the 3-D representation, or pictorial, views. Surface models can also provide 3-D CNC automobile lawmaking.
Three-DIMENSIONAL (3D) SOLID MODELS
3A solid model is the most complex CAD format, and it contains information about object edges, vertices, surfaces, and mass. An authentic solid model is an exact digital representation of a product. Similar surface models, solid models can display surface colour, shading, reflection, and texture for presentation and visualization. The figure shows an example of a photorealistic solid model. Solid models likewise offering the ability to create intricate curves and forms. However, some designs crave surface modeling in lodge to produce the desired form for a solid model. Some solid modeling software includes surface modeling tools to help model complex shapes that merely surface modeling can produce or create efficiently.
Solid models are the most common 3-D CAD format used in the current CAD industry. A solid model encloses a book and has mass, which allows designers and engineers to analyze the exterior and interior object characteristics and perform interference and collision checks, mass calculations, and simulations. In dissimilarity to a two-D cartoon that includes a note that specifi es the material assigned to a product, and a 3-D surface model that displays a representation of material on surfaces, a three-D solid model can be assigned a material that closely replicates the fabric used to industry the product. Assigning a fabric to a solid model allows for analyzing and testing physical and inertial properties. The effect is a solid model that acts as a digital paradigm of a product. Solid models can provide the geometry for 2-D drawings. Past rotating and repurposing a solid model, it is possible to produce the 2-D views shown in Figure and display realistic surfaces on the 3-D representation or pictorial views. Solid models can likewise provide data for rapid prototyping and 3-D CNC machine code.
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